How does the alternator maintain battery charge while the engine is running?

The alternator plays a crucial role in maintaining the battery charge while the engine is running by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. As the engine runs, it powers the alternator, which generates electricity through the process of electromagnetic induction. This electricity is then used to charge the battery and supply power to the vehicle's electrical systems. The alternator ensures that the battery remains charged by replacing the energy that is being used by the ignition system, lights, and other electrical components of the vehicle. This continuous generation of power is essential for the proper functioning of the vehicle's electrical systems and for ensuring that the battery does not discharge while the engine is running.